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Principles and uses TGEA Medium (Tryptone Glucose Yeast Extract Agar) is a medium used for the total count of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in water and dairy products. Casein Peptone and Beed Extract provide nitrogen, vitamins, minerals and amino acids essential for growth. Yeast extract is source of vitamins, particularly the B-group. Dextrose is the fermentable carbohydrate providing carbon and energy. Bacteriological agar is the solidifying agent
Preparation Suspend 28 grams of the medium in one liter of distilled water. Mix well and dissolve by heating with frequent agitation. Boil for one minute until complete dissolution. Dispense into appropriate containers and sterilize in autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes
Principles and uses
Yeast Extract Agar is a medium rich in nutrients that permits the recovery of a wide spectrum of bacteria, yeasts and molds. This medium is recommended by ISO 6222 for the plate count of microorganisms in all types of water, including for human consumption.
Tryptone provides nitrogen, vitamins, minerals and amino acids essential for growth. Yeast extract is the water-soluble portion of hydrolyzed yeast and is a source of vitamins, particularly of the B-group. Bacteriological agar is the solidifying agent.
The norm ISO 6222 recommend this medium for the enumeration of culturable microorganisms in potable water at 36 ºC and 22 ºC.
Preparation
Suspend 24 grams of the medium in one liter of distilled water. Mix well and dissolve by heating with frequent agitation. Boil for one minute until complete dissolution. Sterilize in autoclave at 121ºC for 15 minutes. Cool to 45±1 ºC, mix well and dispense into plates.
Principles and uses
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar can be used for cultivating yeasts, molds (as cultivating pathogenic fungi, particularly those associated with skin infections) and aciduric microorganisms. This medium is also used for determining the microbial and fungal content of cosmetics and for the mycological evaluation of food.
The formula is based on the European Pharmacopoeia. Dextrose is the fermentable carbohydrate providing carbon and energy. Peptone mixture provides nitrogen, vitamins, minerals and amino acids essential for growth. Bacteriological agar is the solidifying agent. The high dextrose concentration and acidic pH make this medium selective for fungi.
Georg et al. demonstrated that the basic agar fortified by three antibiotics considerably improves the isolation of pathogenic fungi from heavily contaminated sources. To prepare a selective culture medium aseptically add the following for every liter of the medium before use: 0,4 g Cycloheximide; 20 units Penicillin; 40 mg Streptomycin. One can obtain a very rich Sabouraud medium by dissolving the medium in one liter of Heart Infusion.
The European Pharmacopoeia recommends this medium in the paragraph 2.6.12: “Microbiological examination of non – sterile products: Microbial enumeration test” for the examination of TYMC in products. In the paragraph 2.6.13: "Microbiological examination of non-sterile products: Test for specified microorganisms" for the test of Candida albicans in products.
Preparation
Suspend 65 grams of the medium in one liter of distilled water. Mix well and dissolve by heating with frequent agitation. Boil for one minute until complete dissolution. Distribute in proper containers and sterilize in autoclave at 118-121 ºC for 15 minutes. AVOID OVEARHEATING as it facilitates the hydrolysis of the components and the medium remains soft.
Orange Serum Agar is used for the growth, isolation and enumeration of yeasts, molds and acid-tolerant bacteria (Bacillus, lactobacilli, Leuconostoc, Streptococcus, Clostridium), which are responsible for deteriorations in fruit juices and citrus concentrates. It has also been used for hygiene controls of industrial equipment used to prepare fruit-based beverages.
This is a selective medium for the isolation and enumeration of yeasts and moulds in dairy products. It is in according to a typical formulation of The International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO).
Yeast extract acts as a source of nitrogen, carbon and vitamins in this medium. Glucose is a fermentable carbohydrate. Although the medium has a low pH it is made more selective by the inclusion of chloramphenicol, an antibiotic selective agent.
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This is an established medium, with a neutral pH, used for the enumeration of Yeasts and Moulds
east extract agar is a nutrient rich medium for the cultivation of non-fastidious bacteria, yeasts and moulds. Recommended for the plate count of microorganisms in water and dairy products.
The yeast extract and peptone acts as a source of nitrogen, amino acids, carbon and vitamins.
Related Supplements :
LS0019 Oxytetracycline Selective Supplement
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Dichloran Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol (DRBC) agar is based on the formulation described by King et al. and is used for the selective isolation and enumeration of yeasts and moulds from food samples.
The peptone provides the required carbon, nitrogen and vitamins. Glucose is a fermentable carbohydrate. Potassium di-hydrogen phosphate is a buffering agent and magnesium sulfate is a source of divalent ions and sulfate. In order to curtail the size of the colony diameters of spreading fungi, the antifungal agent dichloran is added to the base and the pH is reduced to 5.6. Rose Bengal suppresses growth of bacteria and restricts the size and height of colonies of more rapidly growing molds. The inclusion of chloramphenicol ensures the suppression of bacteria present in environmental and food samples. Rose Bengal is absorbed by yeast and mold colonies and this further aids in their enumeration.
Occasionally reduced recovery of yeasts may be encountered due to the increased activity of Rose Bengal at pH 5.6.
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Wort Agar is used for the growth, isolation and enumeration of yeasts and molds. It is particularly well adapted to the enumeration of osmophilic yeasts in butter, sugar, syrups, lemonade and more generally in sweet beverages.
Sabouraud Dextrose chloramphenicol Agar (SDCA) is recommended for the isolation and the enumeration of yeasts and molds, especially when the samples are highly contaminated with bacteria. It is also used as selective isolation media for Candida albicans in cosmetic products.
Sabouraud Dextrose Broth is recommended for the detection of Candida albicans in non-sterile products according to the harmonized Pharmacopeia.
It is also used as a nutrient media for the growth of yeasts and molds.
Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is one of several media available for theisolation of yeasts and fungi suitable for use in all areas of mycology. Sabouraud Dextrose Agar is a modification of a medium originally described by Sabouraud. The tryptone and meat peptone provide the nitrogen and vitamins required for organism growth in Sabouraud Dextrose Agar. The high concentration of dextrose is included as an energy source and in tandem with the acidic pH (5.6) facilitates the growth of fungi whilst providing limited selective properties. Higher levels of selectivity can be achieved against bacterial species by the addition of chloramphenicol.
NB: This is a basic medium only and contains no additional supplements.
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Sabouraud Chloramphenicol Agar is recommended for the isolation of yeasts and molds, especially when the samples are highly contaminated with bacteria.
Rose Bengal Chloramphenicol Agar is recommended for the selective isolation and enumeration of yeast and molds in food products, environmental, and any other potentially contaminated samples of animal origin.
Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) is recommended in standards applied to cosmetic products. It can be used as selective media after addition of chloramphenicol or for applicability trials.
This media is also adapted to the growth of yeasts and molds.
Oxytetracycline Glucose Agar is used for the detection and enumeration of yeasts and molds in food products.
Malt Agar agar is used for the enumeration of yeasts and molds. It can also be used for the isolation and maintenance of strains.
Dichloran-glycerol (DG-18) agar is recommended for the enumeration of yeasts and molds that develop in products with a low water activity (aw less than 0.95). The media finds particular applications for the enumeration and isolation of xerophilic molds which may be found in dehydrated or extremely dry products, such as heavily sugared or salted foods, dried fruits, cereals, cakes and cookies, flour and meat or fish based dehydrated products. The media favors a controlled growth regarding the size and breadth of mold mycelia and yeast colonies, allowing easier and more accurate counts.
DRBC Agar is a selective medium for yeasts and moulds associated with food spoilage by ISO 21527-1
Principles and uses
Rose Bengal Agar + Cholamphenicol + Dichloran (DRBC Agar) is a selective medium recommended by ISO 21527-1 for the enumeration of yeasts and molds, by means of the colony count technique, in foods products for human consumption and animals feeding stuffs which have a water activity greater than 0,95, such as meat, eggs, dairy products (except milk powder), fruits, fresh pastes, vegetables, etc. This formula is a modification of Rose Bengal Agar. Peptone provides the nitrogen, vitamins, minerals and amino acids source. Dextrose is the fermentable carbohydrate as a carbon and energy source.
Potassium phosphate is the buffer. Magnesium sulfate provides sulfur and other trace elements. Rose bengal is a selective agent that inhibits the growth of bacteria and limits the size and height of faster-growing molds, allowing for the development and detection of other slower-growing yeasts. Molds appear pink colored. Chloramphenicol serves as a selective agent, inhibiting bacterial growth. It is a recommended antibiotic for neutral media due to its heat stability and wide bacterial spectrum. The addition of dichloran prevents the fast spreading of mucoraceous fungi and also restricts the size of the colonies of other genera, improving the colony count. Bacteriological agar is the solidifying agent.
Preparation
# Dissolve 31.6g in 1000ml of distilled water (purified water)
# Heat and frequent stirring to completely dissolve the medium
# Autoclave at 121°C for 15 minutes
# Mix well and dispense into appropriate sterile containers
Chloramphenicol Glucose Agar is destined for the detection and enumeration of yeasts and molds in food products.