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Escherichia coli are a group of gram negative bacilli belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae and considered as one of the bacteria in the human intestinal normal microbial flora. Their serological types are determined in combination with somatic antigens (O group: O1-O173) and flagella antigen (H type: H1-H56).
The E. coli that cause intestinal infectious diseases including diarrhoea, acute gastritis or colitis are referred to as pathogenic E. coli, which are classified into the following 4 groups according to differences in the mode of pathogenicity; enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), enteroinvasive E. coli (EIEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC) and enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC). Although the identification of pathogenic E. coli requires verification of their pathogenicity, pathogenic E. coli have often specific serotypes; therefore, typing of the serogroup and serotype is necessary for screening pathogenic E. coli.
These are liquid products of O- and H-sera containing specific agglutinins for serotyping of E. coli. O Group sera are prepared by hyperimmunizing healthy pigs (polyvalent sera) or healthy rabbits (monovalent sera) with reference strains of the organisms with each serotype inactivated by formalin, heated at 56°C for 30 minutes, removing cross agglutinins by absorption and antiseptically filtrated. For the preparation of H-sera, healthy rabbits are immunized with flagella of E. coli. Group O sera are used for O-serotyping tests by slide agglutination, and H sera are for H serotyping tests by tube agglutination